The Automobile and the Environment Essay -- Essays Papers

The Automobile and the Environment In today’s society, the automobile is often stereotyped as the environmentalist’s infamous enemy. While the bases of many of these stereotypes are accurate, it is also true that the development of the auto industry has helped to improve certain conditions in our environment. With each progression of automobile technology and industry brings new and equal concerns in the realms of public safety, public health, the economy and the environment. Consequently, engineers and activists are constantly searching for a medium that will satisfy the human need for speed and will keep in tact the fragile world around us. Nearly one hundred years ago the concept of a car was still waiting to be born. The idea of transportation, however, had been around for thousands of years. By the turn of the 20th century, the quickest and most efficient method of moving was still by horseback. As urbanization crowded more and more people into tighter vacinaties, so were more horses found on city streets. The increase of horseback riders and horses resulted in a large increase of manure. Fred L. Smith, former senior policy analyst for the Environmental Protection Agency reported that the average horse produced 45 pounds of manure a day. This contributed to enormous waste problems many years ago. As the manure accumulated, it required constant collection and disposal. Stagnant waste led to flies, dried dung dust, and the stench of urine. Further, people often-developed lung complications and disease due to the lack of proper sanitation. Even more problems resulted from the disposal of dead horses. New York City reported the disposal of 15,000 corpses each year during 1890’s. Often body... ...latinum.ACS.html - â€Å"The Automobile, Environmentally Friendly Habits for Canadian Drivers†. What We Can Do: The Automobile. Internet Explorer. Online. Mar 2nd, 98. www.pwc.bc.doe.ca/corp/press/eweek/grhome/transpot.html - Bast, Joseph. â€Å"How Automobiles Have Cleaned Up Their Act†. Earth Day ’96. Internet Explorer. Online. Mar 1st, 98. www.heartland.org/earthday96/autos.htm - â€Å"Environmental Benefits†. Electric Vehicles-Battery Technologies. Internet Explorer. Online. Mar 1st, 98. www.sdge.com/EV/Benefits/batteries.html - â€Å"Lawryk, Nicolas J. Science News. 149:188. Mar 23rd , 96. - â€Å"MMT In Gasoline†. Consumer Reports. 61:8. May 96. - â€Å"Safe Brands Corporation featuring SIERRA Antifreeze-Coolant†. Safe Brands Corporation. Internet Explorer. Online. Mar 1st, 98. www.safebrands.com

How Are Theories Formed?

What is a Theory? We often hear someone say â€Å"That’s just a theory† or on the contrary – â€Å"In theory and in practice, it always works. † This term may indeed hold in itself a somewhat ambiguous undertone, and lead to confusion and misuse. Let’s look at the origin of the word; according to an etymology dictionary, theory derives from the Greek â€Å"theoreo† which means ‘to look at’, ‘to observe’. The definition tells us that one must firstly observe a phenomenon so that a theory about a certain aspect of it could form. There are essentially three forms of theories, and although they are different, all of them have one thing in common – a theory is always born with observation. The first form is theory as a belief, found in humanities such as philosophy and arts – this type is a theory that can guide or predict certain behavior in a social situation. For example: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs or the Karl Marx Theory of Bureaucracy. This is when someone might say â€Å"That’s just a theory†. The second form of theory is used primarily as a possibility, in other words as a tentative insight into the natural world – for example, the most famous in this category would be the Evolution Theory or in physics a String Theory. Finally, the third form is the scientific theory, and according to www. wordnet. princeton. edu, it is â€Å"A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena. In order for a theory to be considered scientific, it needs to satisfy certain parameters, which distinguishes it from the other two forms. Firstly, a scientific theory will explain how nature works for example Newton’s Theory of Universal Gravitation, or Kinetic Theory of Gases, and it will do so with significant evidence – unlike in the other forms, a scientific theory is always well tested by numerous experiments. This leads to the n ext point – scientific theories are mathematical in nature, meaning they explain measurable phenomena, and not abstract concepts, such as the theories in the first category. Why did I state that String Theory and Evolution Theory are not scientific theories as opposed to Kinetic Theory of Gases? The answer lies in the hypothesis of these theories. A hypothesis is a proposal intended to explain certain observations, a prediction. It must be testable, meaning that whichever prediction you make, you need to be able to prove it works. It also must be falsifiable, meaning capable of being proven wrong. In both the String Theory and the Evolution Theory, the hypothesis fails, because you cannot possibly test them and also prove them wrong. These are the steps in the formation of a scientific theory: 1. Observation 2. Hypothesis based on observation 3. Experiments 4. Evidence 5. Theory First form doesn’t make it to step 3 and second form doesn’t make it to step 4 – only scientific theories make it to step 5. The method outlined in these steps is called an inductive approach to science. It was introduced by Francis Bacon and he said that a scientist needs to erase what he knows in terms of science, and start with a clean slate, tabula rasa; his knowledge will be based on observation, lead to hypothesis, then to evidence (or lack thereof), then to theory and its generalization. The relationship between a theory and evidence is crucial – without evidence, there is no theory and no science, just random observations. To better demonstrate inductive method, let’s take Aristotle as an example. He observed dropping down two objects at the same time, and with numerous experiments he saw that objects which are heavier fall faster to the ground than lighter ones. So that was his theory, and it stayed that way until Galileo Galilei opposed it. This is what inductive method is about – you base your theory on observation and make it a scientific fact until something else contradicts it. It is similar to coming across mammals and saying all animals are warm blooded – until you come across a reptile. When Galileo objected to Aristotle’s theory, he said to forget inductive method and instead focus science on the deductive approach, an exact opposite. Instead a scientist would work from an already existing theory – an argument is that scientists make progress when they hold an idea in mind and then they go to observe and gather evidence for that idea/theory. Proponents of the deductive method assert that science makes progress through meta-theories, meaning that in place of one theory, another one will emerge. So when Galileo opposed Aristotle’s theory, he proposed that the different speeds of objects falling to the ground have nothing to do with their masses, but instead occur because of air resistance and acceleration due to a gravitational pull. He was right and Aristotle was wrong. Below is a summary of how evidence and a theory interact in their relation to each other. Evidence -> theory (inductive) Theory -> evidence (deductive) Meta-theory -> theory -> evidence (deductive) As mentioned throughout the paper, the validity of a theory and its worthiness depend primarily on the evidence and proof which is gathered after the theory has been stated. For example, the recent theory that all physical objects in the world and all living organisms are holograms is mind bending and would be a tremendous breakthrough in the world of science had the hypothesis been testable. Just like with the Theory of Evolution and Theory of Creationism, the Theory of a Hologram World, remains a theory â€Å"yet to be proved right†. The issue here though is overwhelming – how much information and evidence does one theory require in order for it to become a law/fact of science? And even when it does become a law such as Law of Gravity or Law of Multiplication Table in mathematics, it exists only as far as contradictory evidence is not presented, because in science, observations take precedence over everything else. Scientists also know that in science, there is no certainty. Before 1800’s people thought they have sufficient evidence that the Earth was flat, it is funny to us now, but who knows maybe in three centuries down the road we will also be laughed at. Going back to the question of how much evidence is needed for a theory to become accepted as science – this has also to do with the way a theory is structured, worded. Again, its linked to mathematics and measurement – the more precise the theory is in terms of numbers, the easier it would be to measure it. The more vague and open to interpretation it is, the harder it would be to come to a conclusion. This is concerned with issues of metaphysical/ontological theories – examination of nature as a physical experience versus a mental, spiritual experience. Another very important issue arises from the question – who researches scientific theories? At the end of the day, science is researched by people, and written by people. When evaluating theories, one might question the bias factor and the personal interest factor in the developments of science. Enterprise and governmental politics may play a key role when time will come to take a closer look at a contentious theory. Part 2: Question 4 One of the most controversial issues is regarding the question whether psychology really can be encompassed as a science or not. Psychology means the study of the human mind, also the study of human behavior, and science in its simplest definition is the explaining of the world through empirical and numerical evidence. Science as a concept is very structured – because the very nature of things it looks at, can be researched and studied under laboratory, experimental conditions. Paul Lutus, in his article â€Å"Is Psychology a Science? † states, â€Å"We should determine whether psychology can be relied on to objectively support the social and legal policies that are based on it. In modern times, such a serious public burden can only be borne by a field that is based on reason, on science. † If psychology is in fact responsible for providing answers, what is the content of this science? Psychology differs from biology and neuroscience primarily because it is concerned with the study of the mind rather than the brain. It focuses on the study of concepts of perception, cognition, interpersonal relationships between people and what motivates individuals to behave the way they do. Psychology also aims at treating mental disorders and classifying abnormalities and ways to cure them. Psychology differs from other social sciences such as anthropology, economics and sociology due to experimentation and the primary focus on the individual, or on small groups of individuals, rather than society as a whole. The next question would be, what is the methodology applied in psychology as a science to research the content? As the object of interest in psychology is the human mind, the most effective way to gain insight would be to apply projective techniques to the subjects of research. Projective techniques involve asking subjects to interpret or fill in visual stimuli, complete sentences, or report what ssociations particular words bring to mind. The way the questions are structured, enables the patients to project their own personalities onto the stimulus, often revealing personal conflicts, motivations, coping styles, and other characteristics. The best known projective test is the Rorschach test, created in the 1920’s by a Swiss psychologist Hermann Rorschach (r orschach. org). It consists of a series of ten cards, each containing a complicated inkblot. Some are in black and white, some are in color – subjects are asked to describe what they see in each card. Another famous projective technique in its purest form was established by Sigmund Freud, called free association, where the subjects are told not to filter out anything that comes into their mind and speak it out freely, so that language and voice communication acts as a direct channel to what is going on inside a person’s head. Methodology applied in psychology, consists of essential three elements: research, diagnosis and therapy. Most importantly, in order for diagnosis and therapy to be meaningful, the research i. e. he experiments need to be conducted in a way that assumes minimal bias and maximum control of the variables. Psychology is excellent at describing phenomena, however it often cannot reliably explain these occurred phenomena; this is to be expected, after all the object of study is the most complex and genius creation in nature – the human mind. Works Cited Lutus, Paul. (2009, May 12) Is Psychology a Science? Retrieved from http://www. arachnoid. com/psy chology/index. html Online dictionary www. wordnet. princeton. edu/perl/webwn? s=theory www. rorschach. org

Water Pollution Throughout Americ Clean And Abundant Water

Tayton Wyrick ENG101 Dr. Wachter 10/29/14 Water Pollution in America Clean and abundant water provides the groundwork for flourishing communities. Still, as a nation we are heading towards a national water crisis. Ocean and marine dumping, leaking chemicals, dredging, and run-off all participate in the depletion in quality water in the United States and little to nothing is being done to stop it. Our country is struggling with keeping an abundance of clean water to support its life, yet its life needs uncontaminated water to survive. There are many easy solutions to jolt a foundation in attacking this problem, but the lethargy of American’s are stopping them. Water also known as H20 is a compound consisting of two hydrogen atoms†¦show more content†¦Fishing nets used by fisherman and careless children are sometimes left into the ocean or streams by accident or purpose to drift for years catching wildlife such as fish and mammals, which traps them and kills them with time. Although it is not very known or evident through humans, water pollution is not always physical. Sounds and noises can actually distraught marine life and living basis. In large bodies of water, loud sound waves can carry for miles and miles at end. The increased occurrence of loud or obstinate noises from vessels, sonar devices, oil-rigs, and even from natural causes like earthquakes and storms. These noises can disturb the relocation patters of marine life, as well as communication and interaction between species. Hunting strategies and reproduction patters are also troubled by these underwater sound waves. Noise, trash, and nitrogen are not the only types of pollution that occurs in America’s bodies of water. The most toxic waste material dumped into the water includes dredged solids, manufacturing waste, sewage muck, and radioactive discarded waste. According to Marine Bio, In the 1970’s, 17 million tons of industrial waste was legally dumped into the ocean and by the 1980 s, 8 million more tons were dumped including acids, ash, and coal. Nation Resource Defense Council says dredging supplies about 80% of all waste dumped into national water. That

Industrial Revolution Paper - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 668 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/05/07 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Industrial Revolution Essay Did you like this example? Summary/Abstract In my research thus far I have found that alcohol, the beverage business, and the attitudes surrounding alcohol experienced significant changes during the Industrial Revolution. Alcohol would have never been mass produced without the technology developed during the revolution. Existing varieties of beverages such as beer would not have experienced improvements or variations without this period. Temperance movements gained popularity during this period and were successful in vilifying alcohol consumption. Key Points 1. The Industrial Revolution allowed for the mass production of beer. 2. Technology developed during the Industrial Revolution shaped modern alcoholic offerings. 3. Temperance movements gained traction during this period. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Industrial Revolution Paper" essay for you Create order Introduction This topic relates to A-S 121 Liquid Libations in that alcohol had a significant presence in the working class during Industrial Revolution. Our class focuses on the history of different beverages. The Industrial Revolution produced workers who used alcohol as a medicine, a mental escape, and a social tool. As temperance movements progressed during this period, employers also sought to keep it out of workplaces to cut down on accidents, errors, absenteeism, etc. Temperance movements also made consuming alcohol and public drunkeness less socially acceptable by deeming them sinful and a risk to their ability to be in good standing with their god. The Industrial Revolution also gave way to the mass production of alcohol, thus making beverages such as beer even more popular outside the workplace. This mass production also gave way to new variations of alcoholic beverages. Results The Industrial Revolution was a period of transition from an agrarian lifestyle to more dense city populations, increased factory jobs, and technological innovations. This revolution is credited for the creation of the middle class and shaping the global economy. (CITATION) The revolution spanned from the mid 1700s to the mid 1800s in the United States and parts of Europe. The advancement of technology during this period lead to the mass production of alcoholic beverages, such as beer. The introduction of steam power energy to the brewing industry allowed for increased production and efficiency. The steam engine could be used to pump water, wort, and beer, grind up malts, stir, and raise casks out of cellars. One device developed during this time which changed beer was the thermometer. Temping batches properly allowed brewers to avoid spoilage. The saccharometer which was invented by English chemist and inventor Benjamin Martin in 1770. The device measured density in the beer, which they used as a measure of sweetness. The hydrometer was invented by English chemist William Nicholson in 1790. It allowed brewmasters to measure composition relevant to a malts yield. This allowed brewers to calculate the yield from different malts in a single batch, which lead to more variety, as well as less errors and waste. It also lead to most brewers switching to pale malt with more colorful malt supplemented in because they found that pale malts had the highest yield per batch. The invention of the drum malt roaster by British engineer David Wheeler in 1818 allowed brewers to evenly roast malts in a revolving drum inspired by coffee roasting. This changed the taste of the beer, as fire roasted malts had always had a smokey flavor. The smokey flavor was due to the use of wood fires, charcoal fires, or straw fires. The color of the beer also changed as a result of the drum malt roaster. The materials previously used in the fires caused beer to have a darker color from the smoke. This was important because beer sold at this time was not legally allowed to have added colorants in Great Britain. CITATION Temperance movements aimed to keep the newly created middle class away from alcohol during this time. As factory work was common and often tiring, workers united over post-work drinks. Some workers were even paid in beer. Parliament legalized liquor as a form of payment in 1790. (CITATION) Alcohol was originally thought of as an acceptable beverage in the workplace, having been used as a stimulant, social tool for celebrations and team building, and providing a mental escape.

Antigone Hero Or Fool Essay - 842 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In Greek literature, a tragic hero is based upon an individual having several of the following qualities: having a high social position in society; not being overly good or bad; being persistant or stubborn in their actions; having a single flaw that brings about their own death and the death of others; and obtaining pity from the audience. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Antigone was a prime example of a Greek tragic hero. Antigone, being the daughter of Oedipus, obtained a high social standing in Thebes. Prior to his self-exile from Thebes, Oedipus was the citys king. Because of her high standing in society, Antigone was capable of great suffering, in that she had a reputation and a vast amount of respect†¦show more content†¦The first such display is her decision to take matters into her own hands and bury her brother Polyneices. Creon finds out about the burial and in order to have credibilty with the citizens of Thebes he must follow through with the punishment as set forth in his proclamation. Antigone and her sister Ismene are placed in a cave and heavily guarded. They faced quot;stoning to death in the public square.quot; (Prologue, line 25). Antigones second display of headstrong behavior is when she decides to kill herself in the cave, therefore robbing Creon of the satisfaction of completing this deed. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;All of Thebes sympathizes with Antigone because not only has she lost her mother, father, and two brothers, but also her one act, has sentenced her sister Ismene and herself to death. The king is made aware of the sympathy Antigone is receiving from his son Haemon. quot;And I have heard them muttering and whispering in the dark about this girl. They say no woman has ever so unreasonably, died so shameful a death for a generous act.quot; (Ode II, scene III, line 65-67). It is here that we must look back at the quality posessed by a tragic hero in Greek literature, the main one in this play being: having a single flaw that brings about their own death and the death of others. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Antigones decision to bury Polyneices isShow MoreRelated Antigone the Tragic Hero Essay929 Words   |  4 PagesA Tragic Hero A tragic hero is a character who makes an error of judgment or has a fatal flaw, which combined with fate, results into a tragedy. The tragic hero must fall from good luck and well being to misery and misfortune. The tragic hero causes a sense of pity through the tragic downfall that weakens the character. In Antigone by Sophocles, Antigone follows her own beliefs by giving her brother a proper burial, even if she has to break the law of King Creon. Because of her innocentRead MoreEssay on Creon As The Tragic Hero In Antigone602 Words   |  3 PagesSophocles’ Antigone is, without a doubt, one of the greatest tragedies ever written. There are many questions that somebody could ask about this work, but this one intrigues me the most: Who is the tragic hero? Could it be Antigone? Or could it be Creon? Antigone might be the name of the tragedy, but I believe that Creon is the winning candidate. His role in the plot of this tragedy, his sensible tragic fault, and his dynam ic character are the obvious reasons why I chose him as the tragic hero. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FirstRead More Creon as the Hero of Sophocles Antigone Essay1624 Words   |  7 PagesCreon as the Hero of Antigone       The dilemma of identifying the true hero, or heroine, of Sophocles’ Antigone has tortured students for years. It is indeed a difficult decision to make. The basis for this decision is what the reader perceives to be Sophocles’ dramatic issue in this play. The dramatic issue of the play is twofold: Antigone is a fanatic who is driven by her religious fever to bury the body of her criminal brother, Polyneices, against the edict of Creon. In the second part,Read MoreCharacter Analysis of Antigone and Creon in William Shakespeare ´s Antigone1144 Words   |  5 PagesAntigone and Creon, the two displayed tragic figures of Antigone, both led themselves to their demise because of their love for themselves and the hate they both share for one another. Antigone’s proven love is of the afterlife while her hate is for her uncle and king, Creon. Creon may share the love of himself, however, it is not quite the same as Antigone’s love. Creon loves to rule the city of Thebes and hate’s Antigone, which is very odd for both characters because they are family. SophoclesRead MoreThe Tragic Heroes in Sophocles’ Tragedy, Antigone Essay790 Words   |  4 Pagestragic hero is someone of great importance or royalty. The hero must go through something terrible such as a relative’s death. We must feel what this character is feeling throughout the story. Aristotle also said that a tragic hero scan be defeated by a tragic flaw, such as hubris or human pride. In Sophocles’ tragedy Antigone, both Creon and Antigone are tragic heroes. In the play, Creon and Antigone can be seen as good or bad characters. Both of them show traits of justice. Antigone wanted toRead MoreSophocles Antigone By Sophocles967 Words   |  4 PagesTragedy in Antigone Antigone is one of the greatest Greek tragic plays by Sophocles. The play portrays two main characters, Antigone and Creon, who undergo tragedy in the play. Various arguments have been put forth regarding who amongst the two characters is the actual tragic hero in Sophocles’ Antigone. A number of people are for the idea that Creon qualifies since he does possess the real characteristics of what tragedy is all about, while numerous others believe that Antigone is the actual hero in tragedyRead MoreKing Lear and Antigone as Tragic Hero Essay1626 Words   |  7 PagesBecause Lear is capable of change, he becomes a tragic hero; because Antigone is incapable of change, she never becomes a tragic heroine. Aristotle defines a tragic hero as someone, usually a male, who â€Å"falls from a high place mainly due to their fatal flaw.† During the highest point of the tragic hero’s life, something is revealed to the protagonist causing a reversal in their fortune. This reversal of fortune is caused by the flaw in their character. Tragedy evokes catharsis, a feeling ofRead MoreThe Epic Of Heroism, By Dante Alighieri And Antigone By Sophocles1238 Words   |  5 Pagesfears, complicated adversities that only a true hero would ever overcome. With heroism, one should be morally in-tact, filled with courage and the will to do what is right. While each epic poem features its’ own heroic figure, they each possess different traits and attributes that truly form the quality of their character and heroic image: The Iliad by Homer focuses on the physical aspects of heroism, whereas The Inferno by Dante Alighieri and Antigone by Sophocles are merely based on the true depthsRead Mo reVanity Or Valor : When Lines Are Skewed1434 Words   |  6 PagesFairytales have influenced their apprentices to always look for a hero and a villain; however, similar to the real world, theses lines between â€Å"right† and â€Å"wrong† become indistinguishably skewed. Sophocles’ Antigone is not to be viewed through the eyes of morality because together hero and villain lie within the motives of both the play’s main characters. Simon Goldhill asserts that â€Å"it is difficult, in other words to read Antigone without making not only moral judgments, but the sort of one-sidedRead More Antigone – Strong and Powerful or Spoiled and Stubborn? Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesAntigone – Strong and Powerful or Spoiled and Stubborn? Of the tragic figures in Antigone, Creon is the most obviously evil because his motives are self-serving and his fate the worst. As the play begins, we learn that Antigone has defied Creons royal decree by performing sacred burial rites for her exiled brother, Polyneices. Polyneices has been declared an enemy of the state by Creon. The sentence for anyone attempting to bury him is death by stoning. Creon has become King of Thebes by

Product Development Specifications Free Essays

1)a. When making patterns, they can either be produced in house or be outsourced. Both types have their advantages and disadvantages. We will write a custom essay sample on Product Development Specifications or any similar topic only for you Order Now The advantage to using in house pattern making is that the fit of the garment can be more customized. When a company makes its own patterns, it has years of experience with their target market and their needs. Also, companies that produce their own patterns can base new patterns off of previous seasons. However, a disadvantage is that is expensive, and a smaller company may not have the resources to use their own pattern makers. When outsourcing pattern making, a company can either use pattern making services, or full service contractors. Pattern making services create patterns without the product developer having to invest in their own computerized pattern making system. The other type of out sourced pattern making, full service contractors, are usually used by product developers looking to knock off a design. The product developer sends an already made sample to the pattern maker with size specifications. Full service contractors are more difficult to use when making original designs. Some disadvantages to outsourcing pattern making are that different countries have different methods of pattern making and different perceptions of the body. Also it takes time to check samples, and language and measurement system are usually different in other countries. b. When choosing materials, specifications can either be open or closed. Open specs are when the information provided is more generic and only contains basic facts. Closed specs are when the specifications are very detailed and specify an exact material and supplier. A disadvantage to closed specs is that they can become very expensive. However an advantage is that they ensure consistency of the end product. Some advantages to open specs are that they are cheaper and less time consuming, however the end product could be less accurate. c. Tolerances are variations from criteria that will be allowed when producing a product. If a product does not meet tolerances, it will be rejected. Tolerances can either be tight or loose. Tight tolerances have less room for variation. The advantages to tight tolerances are that products will be more consistent, and fit better. However, the disadvantages are that it is costly, and time consuming as it may take a few tries to meet tight standards. Loose tolerances are when specs have a wider variation. Products that have loose tolerances vary more often, but are cheaper and faster to produce. 3) Standards and specifications in the product development process are very important because they affect quality, cost, and the time it takes to produce an item. In general, when a product has more standards and specifications it takes longer to produce and is more costly, but it will be a more consistent, high quality product that fits better. When there are less standards and looser specifications, products can be made faster and for cheaper but will be of a lower quality. When choosing standards and specifications it is important for the product developer to keep the company and its end target market in mind. For instance, when developing product for companies such as Zara or Forever 21, the focus is on producing products quickly as fashion is always changing and trending up or down. These companies would use looser specifications with lower standards to get their product produced as quickly as possible. Since the product is at a lower price point, the quality of products is not taken into as much consideration. However, for products that set the trends and are sold at higher price points, more time would be taken on specs and standards as the target market expects quality. LIM College. (2010). Chapter 9: Translating Concept to Product. Product Development (pp. 262-279). United States of America: Fairchild Books, a Division of Conde Nast Publications. How to cite Product Development Specifications, Papers

Alice and Vicky Essay Example For Students

Alice and Vicky Essay After having read Hobsons Choice, by Harold Brighouse, I am to concentrate on the remarkable character of Maggie Hobson. When we first get introduced to Maggie Hobson, we notice into the play that, she is very different from her two younger sisters, Alice and Vicky. The sisters are under the control of their father, but Maggie is independent around events and people in her life. She is the most controllable character in the whole play. The play is set in Salford, around the 1880s. The women were expected to keep quiet, while they did the housework. The readers and the viewers would be shocked to see a woman with such immense power, who is able to control the characters in the whole play. The play is based around a guy called Henry Horatio Hobson. He is a middle-class businessman who is expected to rule over his household. The mens role in the 1880s had a higher role in the society, than the women. The women were considered to be second-class citizen, in the society. As the play starts going, we can that Maggie isnt happy about women in the society. We can see this dominant role, when Albert Prosser enters the shop, to see his girlfriend, Alice. We will write a custom essay on Alice and Vicky specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Maggie manipulates Albert by saying This is a shop you know. Were not here to let people go without buying. After this scene, Albert leaves by buying a new pair of bootlaces and boots, and after leaving his old boots in for repair. Maggie has business skills, and overpowering character to make Albert Prosser (a son of an respectable solicitor) change his mind into buying something from their shop. He had only come to make makes sheeps eyes at his girlfriend, Alice. Maggies behaviour of her father, who is supposed to be the man of the house, is able to make a conversation her way. The scene concerning the time of dinner shows the audience that she able to get what she wants, when she wants it. Hobson Im going out, Maggie. Maggie Dinners at one, remember. Hobson Dinner will be when I come in for it. Im master here. Maggie Yes, father. One oclock Hobson Come along, Jim Hobson goes to Moonrakers with his friend Jim Heeler, because he has speechless after the time if his dinner. It is clear that he is not the master of his house, as well his business. Maggie is in charge of everybody, men, her sisters, and the business. After Albert had left the shop, he is probably about what has just happened between him and Maggie. This gives a chance for Maggie, to talk about courtship to Alice. Maggie See that slipper with a fancy buckle on to make it pretty? Courting like that, my lass. All glitter and no use to nobody. As the play gets going, Maggie ends up in a relationship with Willie Mossop. Maggie sees that he has potential in bootmaking skills. She thinks that they will have a very successful business. Willie Mossop is known as a timid, not very educated. He spends most of his time in the cellar, making boots and shoes with Tubby Wadlow. Willie is praised from a rich woman called Mrs. Hepworth. She reckons that Willie has excellent bootmaking skills, while calling a rabbit. Later on the play, Willie is be educated by Maggie, so he can handle the business in the future. When Willie is told that he is to marry Maggie, Willie tells her that he is tokened to Ada Figgins. Willie What makes it so desperate awkward is that Im tokened. Maggie Youre what? Willie Im tokened to Ada Figgins. She even tells people when to go out. This is because Ada leaves with opening the shop door by herself. .u817fe66b4cafe866e249d4a7e659f56d , .u817fe66b4cafe866e249d4a7e659f56d .postImageUrl , .u817fe66b4cafe866e249d4a7e659f56d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u817fe66b4cafe866e249d4a7e659f56d , .u817fe66b4cafe866e249d4a7e659f56d:hover , .u817fe66b4cafe866e249d4a7e659f56d:visited , .u817fe66b4cafe866e249d4a7e659f56d:active { border:0!important; } .u817fe66b4cafe866e249d4a7e659f56d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u817fe66b4cafe866e249d4a7e659f56d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u817fe66b4cafe866e249d4a7e659f56d:active , .u817fe66b4cafe866e249d4a7e659f56d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u817fe66b4cafe866e249d4a7e659f56d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u817fe66b4cafe866e249d4a7e659f56d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u817fe66b4cafe866e249d4a7e659f56d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u817fe66b4cafe866e249d4a7e659f56d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u817fe66b4cafe866e249d4a7e659f56d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u817fe66b4cafe866e249d4a7e659f56d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u817fe66b4cafe866e249d4a7e659f56d .u817fe66b4cafe866e249d4a7e659f56d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u817fe66b4cafe866e249d4a7e659f56d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The speech used is full of double meanings and there are many symbolic features in the play EssayThe other sisters dont have a clever for maths, when Maggie leaves with Willie to own their own business. Alice Im not snappy in myself. (Sitting at desk. ) Its these figures. I cant get them right. Whats 17 and 25? Vickey (promptly): Fifty-two, of course. The sisters cant even add up, 17 and 25 isnt 52, its 42. Since Maggie had left, the business went down hill from there. This shows that the shop would only make money because of her. Willie had a hand in making the shop sell, because when he made the most beautifully handcrafted shoes, they were sold like hot cakes. When Willies shop is doing so well, they are able to pay the loan( of 100) off, which they had loaned from Mrs. Hepworth. They are doing so well that, they can pay back the 100 including the 20% interest, which they promised to pay within the first year. When Hobson gets drunk and accidentally falls into the Beenstocks cellar. She decides to sue her father for trespass and damage, so she can get her sisters married off. She gets Albert Prosser to draw up the summons. Albert says the price for trespassing and damage, is one thousand pounds, Maggie isnt too happy with this. She says to Hobson that, you can afford hundred pounds and youre going to pay five hundred pounds. When Hobson has promises to pay the five hundred pounds, Maggie decides to spilt it between Alice Vickey. Maggie gives a chance to Alice Vickey, to make a start on their marriage. This is evidence of Maggie being completely unselfish; she doesnt even take a penny from the five hundred pounds. Maggie tells Albert to move the broken bits of furniture through the streets of Salford, in the morning, when he doesnt to. And How Maggie says its your wedding gift to me. Maggie is the only prescribed to Hobson, when the doctor visited him. He says that Maggie is the best cure for the illness, which he has. He reckons that a woman is needed in the house; to make sure Hobson health is stable. Right at the end of the play, Maggie is over-powered by the man that she herself had created. This leads to an argument of naming the new business, were Hobson and Willie Mossop have a partnership. They decide on calling it Mossop and Hobson